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 Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities Gottfried Ultimate Fellow Posts: 758 Threads: 117 Joined: Aug 2007 10/30/2007, 06:29 AM (This post was last modified: 10/30/2007, 11:02 AM by Gottfried.) [updated] jaydfox Wrote:Gottfried, I must admit that I haven't put enough study into your matrix methods, having focussed all my attention on Andrew's solution. Can you point me to a discussion that mentions how to compute the coefficients of S2, P, etc., so that I can be sure I'm looking at the right matrices? If there is a relationship between your matrices and the ones I'm using, I'd like to understand it. Jay, I give a short list of the used matrices. I'm preparing a code-pad for Pari/gp with which you may then experiment with these matrices. Perhaps tomorrow or friday. In general V(x)~ = [1,x,x^2,x^3,...] A prefix d declares this as diagonalmatrix So, for instance V(2)~ = [1,2,4,8,16,...] F = [0!,1!,2!,...], dF arranges this as diagonal dF^-1 contains the reciprocals (to construct the exponential-series, for instance) P (binomialmatrix) $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 1 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 1 & 2 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 1 & 3 & 3 & 1 & . & . \\ 1 & 4 & 6 & 4 & 1 & . \\ 1 & 5 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 1 \end{matrix}$ Two properties of this matrix are important here. 1) Application of the binomial-rules, when postmutiplied by a formal powerseries $\hspace{24} P * V(x) = V(x+1) \\ P^m * V(x) = V(x + m)$ 2) Derivatives $\hspace{24} V(x)\sim * P = Y\sim$ Y contains then scaled derivatives for $\hspace{24} f(x)= sum(k=0,inf,x^k)$ St2 tirling kind 2, version 1 (Abramowitsch&Stegun) $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 1 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 1 & 3 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 1 & 7 & 6 & 1 & . & . \\ 1 & 15 & 25 & 10 & 1 & . \\ 1 & 31 & 90 & 65 & 15 & 1 \end{matrix}$ St2 tirling kind 2, version 2, Wikipedia $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & 3 & 1 & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & 7 & 6 & 1 & . \\ 0 & 1 & 15 & 25 & 10 & 1 \end{matrix}$ I use this version here S2 : factorial scaled version of St2: dF^-1 * St2 * dF $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1/2 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1/6 & 1 & 1 & . & . \\ 0 & 1/24 & 7/12 & 3/2 & 1 & . \\ 0 & 1/120 & 1/4 & 5/4 & 2 & 1 \end{matrix}$ This version performs U-exponentiation for a powerseries V(x)~ * S2 = V(exp(x)-1)~ (see Abramowitsch & Stegun) Since Input and output are of the form of a powerseries, one can iterate to implement the "x-> (exp(x)-1)"" - iteration St1 : Stirlingnumbers 1'st kind = inverse of St2 $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & -1 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 0 & 2 & -3 & 1 & . & . \\ 0 & -6 & 11 & -6 & 1 & . \\ 0 & 24 & -50 & 35 & -10 & 1 \end{matrix}$ S1 : factorial scaled St1, inverse of S2 $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & . & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1 & . & . & . & . \\ 0 & -1/2 & 1 & . & . & . \\ 0 & 1/3 & -1 & 1 & . & . \\ 0 & -1/4 & 11/12 & -3/2 & 1 & . \\ 0 & 1/5 & -5/6 & 7/4 & -2 & 1 \end{matrix}$ V(x)~ * S1 = V(log(1+x))~ Since this is the inverse of S2, it performs x->log(1+x), and since Input and Output are of the form of a powerseries, this can be iterated (See also A&S) B : my base-matrix for T-iteration $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 0 & 1/2 & 2 & 9/2 & 8 & 25/2 \\ 0 & 1/6 & 4/3 & 9/2 & 32/3 & 125/6 \\ 0 & 1/24 & 2/3 & 27/8 & 32/3 & 625/24 \\ 0 & 1/120 & 4/15 & 81/40 & 128/15 & 625/24 \end{matrix}$ This matrix can be understood in two ways: As $\hspace{24} B= matrix(r,c,c^r/r!) = dF^{-1} * matrix(c^r) = dF^{-1} * VZ$ just the same way as in your code-snippet Or $\hspace{24} B = S2 * P\sim $ Application is $\hspace{24} V(x)\sim * B = V(e^x)\sim$ and since input and output are of the form of powerseries, this can be iterated. Note that since B = S2 * P~ we have, that V(x)~ * S2 = V(e^x-1)~ and (see binomial-rules using P -transposed as above)) V(e^x-1)~ * P~ = V((e^x-1)+1)~ = V(e^x)~ we have V(x)~ * S2 * P~ = V(e^x-1)~ *P~ = V(e^x)~ which is the same as V(x)~ * B = V(e^x)~ To apply another base s, different from e, such that s<>e, this matrix must be premultiplied by powers of logarithms of s. I use lambda here for brevity. The decomposed description Bs $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 0^0/0!*\lambda^0 & 1^0/0!*\lambda^0 & 2^0/0!*\lambda^0 & 3^0/0!*\lambda^0 & 4^0/0!*\lambda^0 & 5^0/0!*\lambda^0 \\ 0^1/1!*\lambda^1 & 1^1/1!*\lambda^1 & 2^1/1!*\lambda^1 & 3^1/1!*\lambda^1 & 4^1/1!*\lambda^1 & 5^1/1!*\lambda^1 \\ 0^2/2!*\lambda^2 & 1^2/2!*\lambda^2 & 2^2/2!*\lambda^2 & 3^2/2!*\lambda^2 & 4^2/2!*\lambda^2 & 5^2/2!*\lambda^2 \\ 0^3/3!*\lambda^3 & 1^3/3!*\lambda^3 & 2^3/3!*\lambda^3 & 3^3/3!*\lambda^3 & 4^3/3!*\lambda^3 & 5^3/3!*\lambda^3 \\ 0^4/4!*\lambda^4 & 1^4/4!*\lambda^4 & 2^4/4!*\lambda^4 & 3^4/4!*\lambda^4 & 4^4/4!*\lambda^4 & 5^4/4!*\lambda^4 \\ 0^5/5!*\lambda^5 & 1^5/5!*\lambda^5 & 2^5/5!*\lambda^5 & 3^5/5!*\lambda^5 & 4^5/5!*\lambda^5 & 5^5/5!*\lambda^5 \end{matrix}$ Application is $\hspace{24} V(x)\sim * dV(\log(s))*B = V(s^x)\sim$ and since input and output are of the form of powerseries, this can be iterated. Bs numerically $\hspace{24} \begin{matrix} {rrrrr} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & \lambda & 2*\lambda & 3*\lambda & 4*\lambda & 5*\lambda \\ 0 & 1/2*\lambda^2 & 2*\lambda^2 & 9/2*\lambda^2 & 8*\lambda^2 & 25/2*\lambda^2 \\ 0 & 1/6*\lambda^3 & 4/3*\lambda^3 & 9/2*\lambda^3 & 32/3*\lambda^3 & 125/6*\lambda^3 \\ 0 & 1/24*\lambda^4 & 2/3*\lambda^4 & 27/8*\lambda^4 & 32/3*\lambda^4 & 625/24*\lambda^4 \\ 0 & 1/120*\lambda^5 & 4/15*\lambda^5 & 81/40*\lambda^5 & 128/15*\lambda^5 & 625/24*\lambda^5 \end{matrix}$ The terms, that you use can -if at all- mostly be found in the second-column of the matrices or result, since you need only the final scalar result, and not the additional powers, which occur in the next coumns. So much for short Gottfried Gottfried Helms, Kassel « Next Oldest | Next Newest »

 Messages In This Thread Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/26/2007, 11:09 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/26/2007, 11:32 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/26/2007, 11:41 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/27/2007, 06:32 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by Gottfried - 10/29/2007, 11:30 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/29/2007, 05:37 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by Gottfried - 10/30/2007, 06:29 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by andydude - 10/29/2007, 11:50 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/30/2007, 02:25 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/30/2007, 03:40 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/30/2007, 05:33 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 10/31/2007, 08:55 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by Gottfried - 11/03/2007, 06:02 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/05/2007, 07:28 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by bo198214 - 11/05/2007, 11:08 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/05/2007, 02:28 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by Gottfried - 11/06/2007, 07:29 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by Gottfried - 11/06/2007, 11:51 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by bo198214 - 11/06/2007, 12:46 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/05/2007, 07:42 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by andydude - 11/05/2007, 08:20 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/05/2007, 02:19 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/05/2007, 02:33 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by andydude - 11/10/2007, 06:19 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by bo198214 - 11/10/2007, 12:46 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/10/2007, 06:02 PM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by jaydfox - 11/11/2007, 01:01 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by andydude - 11/12/2007, 08:26 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by andydude - 11/12/2007, 08:34 AM RE: Observations on power series involving logarithmic singularities - by bo198214 - 11/12/2007, 10:59 AM

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